{"id":879,"date":"2010-09-22T14:00:11","date_gmt":"2010-09-22T12:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterorganicchemistry.wordpress.com\/?p=879"},"modified":"2026-05-01T09:37:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T14:37:22","slug":"five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/","title":{"rendered":"Five Key Factors That Influence Acidity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Five Key Factors That Affect Acidity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Today we&#8217;ll talk about <strong>five key factors<\/strong> that determine acidity for different molecules and a mnemonic (ARIO, or CARDIO) to help you remember these factors.<\/p>\n<p>These represent important\u00a0<strong>trends<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>in acidity where changing one important variable results in a change in acidity. If you can\u00a0<strong>spot the relevant trend,\u00a0<\/strong>then you will be able to determine which of various molecules is more acidic &#8211; without having to know pK<sub>a<\/sub> values.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s quickly review the basics of acidity and basicity. Here&#8217;s the condensed version:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bronsted <strong>acids<\/strong> are<strong> proton donors<\/strong>, <strong>Lewis acids<\/strong> are <strong>electron pair acceptors<\/strong>. Converse: Br\u00f8nsted base = proton acceptor, Lewis base = electron pair donor.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>conjugate base<\/strong> is what remains after a molecule loses H+.\u00a0 For instance, HO<sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0is the conjugate base of water. O<sup>2-<\/sup>\u00a0is the conjugate base of HO<sup>\u2013<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Conversely, <strong>conjugate acids<\/strong> are what is formed when you add a proton (H+) to a molecule. The conjugate acid of water is H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Acidity is an\u00a0<strong>equilibrium\u00a0<\/strong>where an\u00a0<strong>acid<\/strong> loses H+ to give its conjugate base.<\/li>\n<li>According to this, <strong>anything which stabilizes the conjugate base will increase the acidity.<\/strong> Strong acids have weak conjugate bases, and weak acids have strong conjugate bases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-38703\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1-figure-for-5-key-factors-that-influence-acidity.gif\" alt=\"figure for 5 key factors that influence acidity\" width=\"640\" height=\"92\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>With that out of the way, let&#8217;s get started.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36224\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif\" alt=\"summary of cardio five factors affecting acidity - charge atom resonance dipole inductive orbitals\" width=\"640\" height=\"738\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Table of Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"#one\"><span class=\"s1\"><span class=\"s1\">The Effect of Charge on Acidity<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"#two\">Electronegativity and Polarizability of the Atom and Acidity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"#three\">The Effect of Resonance on Acidity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"#four\">Inductive Effects and Acidity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"#five\">Orbital Hybridization and Acidity<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#six\">The ARIO Mnemonic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz Yourself!<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#notes\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong><a id=\"one\"><\/a>1. The Effect of Charge On Acidity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Removal of a proton, H+ , decreases the formal charge on an atom or molecule by one unit. This is, of course, easiest to do when an atom bears a charge of +1 in the first place, and becomes progressively more difficult as the overall charge becomes negative.<\/p>\n<p>The acidity trends reflect this. H<sub>3<\/sub>O+ is a stronger acid than H<sub>2<\/sub>O, which in turn is a stronger acid than HO(-).<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43728\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2-factors-that-affect-acidity-charge-acidity-increases-with-increasing-positive-charge-on-the-atom-e3g-ho-and-h2o-and-h3o.gif\" alt=\"factors that affect acidity - charge acidity increases with increasing positive charge on the atom e3g ho- and h2o and h3o\" width=\"640\" height=\"484\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Note that once a conjugate base (B-) is negative, a second deprotonation will make the dianion (B<sup> 2-<\/sup>). While far from impossible, forming the dianion can be difficult due to the buildup of negative charge and the corresponding electronic repulsions that result.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><a id=\"two\"><\/a>2. The Effect of Electronegativity and Polarizability on Acidity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>This point causes a lot of confusion due to the presence of two seemingly conflicting trends.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s the first point: <strong>acidity<\/strong> <strong>increases<\/strong> as we go<strong><i>\u00a0<\/i>from left to right <\/strong>across a row in the periodic table, which corresponds with <strong>increasing electronegativity. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This makes sense, right? It makes sense that HF is more electronegative than H<sub>2<\/sub>O, NH<sub>3<\/sub>, and CH<sub>4<\/sub> due to the greater electronegativity of fluorine versus oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. A fluorine bearing a negative charge is a happy fluorine.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43729\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3-acidity-factors-across-periodic-table-acidity-increases-with-electronegativity-eg-hf-stronger-than-h2o-than-nh3-than-ch4-2.gif\" alt=\"acidity factors - across periodic table acidity increases with electronegativity eg hf stronger than h2o than nh3 than ch4 2\" width=\"640\" height=\"273\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>But here&#8217;s the seemingly strange thing. HF itself is not a &#8220;strong&#8221; acid, at least not in the sense that it ionizes completely in water.<\/p>\n<p>HF is a weaker acid than HCl, HBr, and HI. What&#8217;s going on here?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43730\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/4-acidity-factors-down-column-of-periodic-table-acidity-increases-with-size-polarizability.gif\" alt=\"acidity factors-down column of periodic table acidity increases with size polarizability\" width=\"640\" height=\"489\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You could make two arguments for why this is.\u00a0 The first reason has to do with the shorter (and stronger) H-F bond as compared to the larger hydrogen halides.<\/p>\n<p>The second has to do with the <em><strong>stability of the conjugate bas<\/strong>e. <\/em>The fluoride anion, F(\u2013) is a tiny and vicious little beast, with the smallest ionic radius of any other ion bearing a single negative charge.<\/p>\n<p>Its charge is therefore spread over a smaller volume than those of the larger halides, which is energetically unfavorable: for one thing, F(\u2013) begs for solvation, which will lead to a lower entropy term in the <strong>\u0394<\/strong>G.<\/p>\n<p>Note that this trend also holds for methanol (CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH) and methanethiol (CH<sub>3<\/sub>SH) with methanethiol being about a million times more acidic.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><a id=\"three\"><\/a>3. The Impact of Resonance on Acidity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A huge stabilizing factor for a conjugate base is if the negative charge can be delocalized through <strong>resonance<\/strong>. The classic examples is phenol (C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH) which is about a million times more acidic than cyclohexanol.<\/p>\n<p>This is because the negative charge in the conjugate base of phenol can be distributed to other atoms through resonance, which helps to reduce the charge density on the molecule and thereby stabilize it.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43731\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/5-factors-affecting-acidity-resonance-compare-phenol-and-cyclohexanol-resonance-stability-of-anion.gif\" alt=\"factors affecting acidity resonance compare phenol and cyclohexanol resonance stability of anion\" width=\"640\" height=\"398\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Resonance also helps to explain the much greater acidity of\u00a0 acetic acid (pK<sub>a<\/sub> of ~4) compared to ethanol (pK<sub>a\u00a0<\/sub>about 15-16).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43732\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6-factors-affecting-acidity-resonance-compare-methanol-versus-acetic-acid-resonance-stabilization-of-anion-2.gif\" alt=\"factors affecting acidity resonance compare methanol versus acetic acid resonance stabilization of anion 2\" width=\"640\" height=\"329\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Watch out though &#8211; it isn&#8217;t enough for a \u03c0 system to simply be adjacent to a proton &#8211; the electrons of the conjugate base have to be in an orbital which allows for effective overlap.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><a id=\"four\"><\/a>4. Inductive Effects and Acidity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Electronegative atoms can draw negative charge toward themselves, which can lead to considerable stabilization of conjugate bases.<\/p>\n<p>For example, trifluoroethanol (CF<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>OH) is more acidic than ethanol due to the fact that the electron-withdrawing CF<sub>3<\/sub> group can draw away some of the electron density from the negatively charged oxygen in the conjugate base, which helps to stabilize it.<\/p>\n<p>Inductive effects increase with increasing electronegativity of the attached atom (I &lt; Br &lt; Cl &lt; F).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43733\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7-acidity-effects-electronegativity-and-inductive-effects-stabilze-negative-charges.gif\" alt=\"acidity effects electronegativity and inductive effects stabilze negative charges\" width=\"640\" height=\"473\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>These inductive effects decrease in importance as the distance increases between the electron withdrawing group and the acidic functional group:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43734\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8-acidity-effects-electronegativity-and-inductive-effects-decrease-with-distance.gif\" alt=\"acidity effects electronegativity and inductive effects decrease with distance\" width=\"640\" height=\"297\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong><a id=\"five\"><\/a>5. Orbital Hybridization and Acidity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Again, the acidity relates nicely to the stability of the conjugate base. And the stability of the conjugate base depends on how well it can accomodate its newfound pair of electrons.<\/p>\n<p>In an effect akin to electronegativity, the more s character in the orbital, the closer the electrons will be to the nucleus, and the lower in energy (= stable! ) they will be.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43735\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9-orbitals-more-s-character-more-stabilization-of-negative-charge-alkyne-more-acidic-than-alkane.gif\" alt=\"orbitals - more s character more stabilization of negative charge alkyne more acidic than alkane\" width=\"640\" height=\"501\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The difference in acidity between a typical alkane such as propane (pKa = 50) and acetylene (pKa = 25) is 25 pKa units, which is to say 10<sup>25<\/sup> . That&#8217;s 100 times bigger than Avogadro&#8217;s number, just for the record.<\/p>\n<p>Just to give you an idea of scale. That&#8217;s the amazing thing about chemistry &#8211; the sheer <em>range<\/em> in the power of different phenomena is awe-inspiring. (<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><em>See article: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2013\/01\/25\/putting-acidity-in-perspective\/\">pKa Values Span 60 Orders Of Magnitude<\/a><\/em><\/span>)<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"six\"><\/a>6. The ARIO Mnemonic<\/h2>\n<p>To help simplify things, these trends are often combined into the mnemonic\u00a0<strong>ARIO<\/strong>, where<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong> is for the identify of the acidic\u00a0<strong>atom<\/strong> (relevant trends &#8211; electronegativity across a row of the periodic table, polarizability going down a column of the periodic table)<\/li>\n<li><strong>R<\/strong> is for\u00a0<strong>resonance<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>I<\/strong> is for\u00a0<strong>inductive effects<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>O<\/strong> is for\u00a0<strong>orbitals\u00a0<\/strong>(i.e.\u00a0<em>sp<\/em> vs.\u00a0<em>sp<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0<\/em>vs.\u00a0<em>sp<sup>3<\/sup><\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For completeness, I suppose you can put in the\u00a0<strong>C<\/strong> for\u00a0<strong>charge<\/strong>, which would make it\u00a0<strong>CARIO<\/strong>, or <strong>CEPRIO<\/strong> if you separate the &#8220;A&#8221; into the <strong>e<\/strong>lectronegativity and <strong>p<\/strong>olarizability effects.<\/p>\n<p>A word of caution with\u00a0<strong>ARIO<\/strong> and related mnemonics: it works well when you are comparing the acidity of\u00a0<strong>similar molecules\u00a0<\/strong>where <strong>only one variable is being changed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For example, a perfect time to use ARIO is when you&#8217;re comparing the acidity of different alcohols (same atom, O) or different carboxylic acids with various nearby electron-withdrawing groups.<\/p>\n<p>It doesn&#8217;t work well when\u00a0<strong>two or more\u00a0<\/strong>variables are being changed, such as in comparing the acidity of CH3CH2OH and H-Cl. In cases like that you really have to rely on knowing values from a pK<sub>a<\/sub> table.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><a id=\"quiz\"><\/a>Quiz Yourself!<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/0262-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/0306-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/0263-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/2305-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/0274-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3699-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3700-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3701-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3702-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3703-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3704-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3705-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3706-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3707-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3709-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3710-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3708-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"616\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a\u00a0 MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back. <\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><a id=\"notes\"><\/a>Notes<\/h2>\n<div class=\"related-articles\"><p><strong>Related Articles<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2017\/04\/18\/basicity-of-amines-and-pkah\/\" class=\"\"><span>Basicity of Amines And pKaH<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/29\/how-to-use-a-pka-table\/\" class=\"\"><span>How to Use a pKa Table<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/06\/18\/know-your-pkas\/\" class=\"\"><span>The pKa Table Is Your Friend<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2012\/02\/27\/7-factors-that-stabilize-negative-charge-in-organic-chemistry\/\" class=\"\"><span>7 Factors that stabilize negative charge in organic chemistry<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2012\/04\/25\/walkthrough-of-acid-base-reactions-3-acidity-trends\/\" class=\"\"><span>Walkthrough of Acid-Base Reactions (3) \u2013 Acidity Trends<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2017\/04\/26\/5-factors-that-affect-basicity-of-amines\/\" class=\"\"><span>5 Key Basicity Trends of Amines<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/organic-chemistry-practice-problems\/acid-base-practice-problems\/\" class=\"\"><span>Acid Base Practice Problems (MOC Membership)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Five Key Factors That Affect Acidity Today we&#8217;ll talk about five key factors that determine acidity for different molecules and a mnemonic (ARIO, or CARDIO) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407],"tags":[163,164,176,177,335,688,586,495,199,399,336,267],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-acid-base-reactions","tag-acidity","tag-acids","tag-bases","tag-basicity","tag-charge-stability","tag-conjugate-acid","tag-conjugate-base","tag-dipoles","tag-electronegativity","tag-hybridization","tag-polarizability","tag-resonance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>5 Key Factors That Influence Acidity In Organic Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There are five key factors that influence acidity in organic chemistry; the charge, the atom, resonance, inductive effects, and the orbitals.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 Key Factors That Influence Acidity In Organic Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There are five key factors that influence acidity in organic chemistry; the charge, the atom, resonance, inductive effects, and the orbitals.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Master Organic Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Master-Organic-Chemistry-242610599108055\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-09-22T12:00:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-01T14:37:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"878\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1012\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"James Ashenhurst\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"James Ashenhurst\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"James Ashenhurst\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/78d83ec7d02b4b7365bade2cedaef80c\"},\"headline\":\"Five Key Factors That Influence Acidity\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-09-22T12:00:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-01T14:37:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1643,\"commentCount\":150,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif\",\"keywords\":[\"acidity\",\"acids\",\"bases\",\"basicity\",\"charge stability\",\"conjugate acid\",\"conjugate base\",\"dipoles\",\"electronegativity\",\"hybridization\",\"polarizability\",\"resonance\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Acid Base Reactions\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/\",\"name\":\"5 Key Factors That Influence Acidity In Organic Chemistry\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-09-22T12:00:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-01T14:37:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"There are five key factors that influence acidity in organic chemistry; the charge, the atom, resonance, inductive effects, and the orbitals.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif\",\"width\":878,\"height\":1012,\"caption\":\"summary of cardio five factors affecting acidity - charge atom resonance dipole inductive orbitals\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/2010\\\/09\\\/22\\\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Five Key Factors That Influence Acidity\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Master Organic Chemistry\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Master Organic Chemistry\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/cutmypic.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/cutmypic.png\",\"width\":225,\"height\":225,\"caption\":\"Master Organic Chemistry\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/Master-Organic-Chemistry-242610599108055\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/78d83ec7d02b4b7365bade2cedaef80c\",\"name\":\"James Ashenhurst\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f9e9df435875e5e6b0bdff6b8522a7279d5717644b3efa7299da22c837bf9fcf?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f9e9df435875e5e6b0bdff6b8522a7279d5717644b3efa7299da22c837bf9fcf?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/f9e9df435875e5e6b0bdff6b8522a7279d5717644b3efa7299da22c837bf9fcf?s=96&d=retro&r=g\",\"caption\":\"James Ashenhurst\"},\"description\":\"Ph.D. 2006, McGill University (James L. Gleason). Postdoctoral Associate, 2008-2010, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M. Movassaghi). Founder, Master Organic Chemistry, 2010-present.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/about\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\\\/author\\\/james\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"5 Key Factors That Influence Acidity In Organic Chemistry","description":"There are five key factors that influence acidity in organic chemistry; the charge, the atom, resonance, inductive effects, and the orbitals.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"5 Key Factors That Influence Acidity In Organic Chemistry","og_description":"There are five key factors that influence acidity in organic chemistry; the charge, the atom, resonance, inductive effects, and the orbitals.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/","og_site_name":"Master Organic Chemistry","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Master-Organic-Chemistry-242610599108055\/","article_published_time":"2010-09-22T12:00:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-05-01T14:37:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":878,"height":1012,"url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif","type":"image\/gif"}],"author":"James Ashenhurst","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"James Ashenhurst","Est. reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/"},"author":{"name":"James Ashenhurst","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#\/schema\/person\/78d83ec7d02b4b7365bade2cedaef80c"},"headline":"Five Key Factors That Influence Acidity","datePublished":"2010-09-22T12:00:11+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-01T14:37:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/"},"wordCount":1643,"commentCount":150,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif","keywords":["acidity","acids","bases","basicity","charge stability","conjugate acid","conjugate base","dipoles","electronegativity","hybridization","polarizability","resonance"],"articleSection":["Acid Base Reactions"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/","url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/","name":"5 Key Factors That Influence Acidity In Organic Chemistry","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif","datePublished":"2010-09-22T12:00:11+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-01T14:37:22+00:00","description":"There are five key factors that influence acidity in organic chemistry; the charge, the atom, resonance, inductive effects, and the orbitals.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0-summary-of-cardio-five-factors-affecting-acidity-charge-atom-resonance-dipole-inductive-orbitals.gif","width":878,"height":1012,"caption":"summary of cardio five factors affecting acidity - charge atom resonance dipole inductive orbitals"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2010\/09\/22\/five-key-factors-that-influence-acidity\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Five Key Factors That Influence Acidity"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/","name":"Master Organic Chemistry","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#organization","name":"Master Organic Chemistry","url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cutmypic.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cutmypic.png","width":225,"height":225,"caption":"Master Organic Chemistry"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Master-Organic-Chemistry-242610599108055\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/#\/schema\/person\/78d83ec7d02b4b7365bade2cedaef80c","name":"James Ashenhurst","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f9e9df435875e5e6b0bdff6b8522a7279d5717644b3efa7299da22c837bf9fcf?s=96&d=retro&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f9e9df435875e5e6b0bdff6b8522a7279d5717644b3efa7299da22c837bf9fcf?s=96&d=retro&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f9e9df435875e5e6b0bdff6b8522a7279d5717644b3efa7299da22c837bf9fcf?s=96&d=retro&r=g","caption":"James Ashenhurst"},"description":"Ph.D. 2006, McGill University (James L. Gleason). Postdoctoral Associate, 2008-2010, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M. Movassaghi). Founder, Master Organic Chemistry, 2010-present.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/about\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/author\/james\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=879"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}