{"id":1389,"date":"2011-03-08T11:41:04","date_gmt":"2011-03-08T16:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/?p=1389"},"modified":"2026-05-07T06:01:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T11:01:01","slug":"are-these-alkenes-conjugated","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2011\/03\/08\/are-these-alkenes-conjugated\/","title":{"rendered":"Are these molecules conjugated?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If Org 2 has an overall theme, it&#8217;s &#8220;resonance&#8221;. Today&#8217;s post has a very simple message. <strong>Atoms with lone pairs,\u00a0\u03c0 bonds, radicals, and carbocations can participate in resonance: atoms that lack any of these features cannot.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One way in which this comes up is in determining whether two alkenes are &#8220;conjugated&#8221; or not. \u00a0A full discussion of conjugation is for another time, but &#8220;conjugation&#8221; is the name we give for the phenomenon where \u03c0\u00a0 electrons (that is, &#8220;electrons in p orbitals&#8221;) \u00a0can be shared over more than 3 or more atoms.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example of a conjugated diene and a non-conjugated dienes.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-15540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/1-are-these-molecules-conjugated-adjacent-double-bonds-conjugated-not-conjugated-if-separated-by-sp3-carbon-ie-carbon-with-4-sigma-bonds-carbocations-radicals-anions-are-conjugated.gif\" alt=\"are these molecules conjugated adjacent double bonds conjugated not conjugated if separated by sp3 carbon ie carbon with 4 sigma bonds carbocations radicals anions are conjugated\" width=\"600\" height=\"378\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The thing is, we can also have alkenes which are conjugated with each other even through they are not directly attached. The only requirement is that we require an atom in between which can participate in resonance. This can take at least four forms:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A carbon (or other atom) with an empty p orbital (e.g. a carbocation)<\/li>\n<li>A carbon with a half-filled p orbital (e.g. a radical)<\/li>\n<li>A carbon with a lone pair (carbanion)<\/li>\n<li>Any other atom with a lone pair (e.g. N, O, S, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In each of these we can draw resonance forms where the middle atom participates in a\u00a0\u03c0 bond.\u00a0This implies that the electrons are being shared (&#8220;delocalized&#8221;) between this central atom and the alkenes on the side, and thus the whole system is &#8216;conjugated&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-15541\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2-examples-of-conjugated-and-unconjugated-dienes-with-carbocations-radicals-carbanions-atoms-with-lone-pairs.gif\" alt=\"examples of conjugated and unconjugated dienes with carbocations radicals carbanions atoms with lone pairs\" width=\"600\" height=\"589\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Why does this matter, you may ask? Because some day, I have a hunch that you might be asked whether the following rings are conjugated or not, and you might need to come up with a good answer&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-15542\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3-small-quiz-on-whether-or-not-molecules-are-conjugated-or-not.gif\" alt=\"small quiz on whether or not molecules are conjugated or not\" width=\"600\" height=\"167\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><a id=\"quizzes\"><\/a>Quiz Yourself!<\/h2>\n<p><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36214 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/0070-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back.<\/p>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36214 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/2414-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back.<\/p>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36214 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/quiz-previews\/3210-Front-Image-Only.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/moc-membership\/\"><strong>Become a MOC member<\/strong><\/a> to see the clickable quiz with answers on the back.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If Org 2 has an overall theme, it&#8217;s &#8220;resonance&#8221;. Today&#8217;s post has a very simple message. Atoms with lone pairs,\u00a0\u03c0 bonds, radicals, and carbocations can <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1163],"tags":[333,397,195,363,343,612,305,261,267],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-1389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dienes-and-mo-theory","tag-carbanions","tag-carbocations","tag-conjugation","tag-dienes","tag-lone-pairs","tag-molecular-orbitals","tag-pi-donation","tag-radicals","tag-resonance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Are these molecules conjugated? &#8211; Master Organic Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2011\/03\/08\/are-these-alkenes-conjugated\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Are these molecules conjugated? &#8211; Master Organic Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If Org 2 has an overall theme, it&#8217;s &#8220;resonance&#8221;. 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