{"id":10690,"date":"2017-06-07T15:45:25","date_gmt":"2017-06-07T19:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/?p=10690"},"modified":"2022-12-13T15:46:27","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T21:46:27","slug":"valence-electrons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.masterorganicchemistry.com\/2017\/06\/07\/valence-electrons\/","title":{"rendered":"Valence Electrons of the First Row Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"

General Chemistry Review: Valence Electrons of The First Row Elements<\/strong><\/p>\n

[Note: the following article is intended as a quick review on atomic orbitals for students enrolled in an introductory organic chemistry class who are assumed to have taken general chemistry. It is by no means a complete\u00a0introduction to\u00a0atomic orbitals. Also: this\u00a0post was co-authored with Matt Pierce of\u00a0Organic Chemistry Solutions<\/a>.\u00a0 Ask Matt about scheduling an online tutoring session\u00a0here<\/a>. ]<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Table Of Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The Most Important Graph Ever Made?<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. The Graph Is Explained By The Periodic Filling of Electronic Energy Levels (aka “Orbitals”)<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Orbitals Are Defined By The Three Quantum Numbers n<\/i>, l<\/i>, and m<\/i><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n
  4. A Tour Of The Electronic Configurations of The First 11 Elements<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. The 1s shell: Electronic Configuration Of Hydrogen and Helium<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. The 2s Shell: Electronic Configuration Of Lithium and Beryllium<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. The 2p Shell: Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. A Sudden Dip At Oxygen<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. The Electronic Configuration Of Fluorine<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. A Maximum At Neon<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. \u00a0The 3s orbital: Sodium<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. Endnote: A Puzzle. What About A Simple Molecule Like CH4<\/sub><\/span>?\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  13. Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    <\/a>1. The Most Important Graph Ever Made?<\/h2>\n

    \"Picture-of-richard-p-feynman-next-to-quote-about-imporance-of-atomic-hypothesis-1\"Quote<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \n

    “If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generation of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is the atomic hypothesis that\u00a0all things are made of atoms \u2014 little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another.\u00a0<\/em>In that one sentence, you will see, there is an enormous amount of information about the world, if just a little imagination and thinking are applied.”<\/p>\n

    \u2013Richard P. Feynman<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Well of course a chemist like myself is going to love a quote that extolls the central importance of\u00a0chemistry to scientific knowledge. \u00a0You can always trust a barber to find an uplifting quote about the importance of haircuts.<\/p>\n

    That\u00a0caveat aside, if one had to name a single graph<\/strong> which could be saved from a cataclysm for the next generation of creatures, my vote would be for this one:<\/p>\n

    \"trends_ionization_energy_fig1-e1494964486865\"<\/p>\n

    What’s going on here?<\/p>\n